IRA’s And Retirement Planning

While retirement plans benefit from special tax advantages, they are also restricted by special tax regulations. For example, you are allowed a tax break if you contribute to a retirement plan and you are able to have your retirement income grow free of taxes (for a certain period of time). However, annual contributions, the total size of each contribution, and the frequency of contributions are subject to restrictions. It is important that you carefully consider your options before deciding on a retirement plan. There are generally two categories to choose from, IRAs and employer-sponsored plans.

IRAs are very popular because they are so easy to setup and also easy to maintain. A person does not need employer approval to open an IRA and you can contribute as much as you want to the account, as long as you do not exceed the annual limits). Below are the three main types of IRAs.

The Traditional IRA: Your IRA assets grow on a tax-deferred basis, meaning that you pay no tax until the day that you withdraw your funds.

The amount that you can contribute is dependent on statutory limits, your age, and your earned income. The maximum you can contribute is equal to your earned income. Earned income is income from wages and self-employment. Investment income is not considered earned income. There is also a catch-up provision for those that are 50 years old or older. This provision allows you to make larger contributions than normal. Additionally, your spouse can use some of your income to contribute to his or her account. However, if you have reached age 70 at the end of the year of your contribution then you are no longer allowed to make contributions.

Before contributing to a traditional IRA, be sure you wouldn’t be better served by contributing to another IRA type, such as a Roth IRA, or to an employer’s 401(k) plan.

Contribution deductibility is one factor that often times leads an indication to switch the type of IRA that they use. Your income level is an important indicator as to whether you will be able to deduct all of your contributions. If you and your spouse are able to participate in an employer-sponsored plan, then you will definitely be able to deduct your contributions. However, these deductions might not be worth anything if your adjusted gross income (AGI) is too high.

If you are not able to make a deductible contribution (or a Roth contribution), then you may choose to make a nondeductible contribution. Making a nondeductible contribution will still afford you the advantage of tax-deferred growth. Also, if you withdraw funds after you reach age 59 1/2, only earning will be taxed. You are able to withdraw all nondeductible contributions free of tax.

Roth IRA. You are able to contribute the same amount to a Roth IRA as you are able to contribute to a traditional IRA. The real difference between the two is their eligibility rules, such as the lack of an age limit with respect to contributions. This disregard for the age limit is only applicable if you meet the earned income requirement.

The total amount of your annual contribution to IRAs can never be larger than the defined limit. That being said, if you are eligible you can contribute all of your income to a traditional or all of your income to a Roth IRA. You are even allowed to split your contribution between the two different IRA?s.

The Roth IRA also differs from a traditional IRA in that you won’t be able to claim a deduction for your contributions. But all Roth IRA earnings can be withdrawn tax free after age 591/2, provided you’ve had the account for at least five years. (You can withdraw amounts up to your total contributions tax free at any time.)

If you already have a traditional IRA, then you may be interested in converting a portion, or the entire IRA, to a Roth IRA. You will need to see if this change will benefit you even after considering the additional tax implications.

If you already have a traditional IRA you may be able to convert a portion, or even all, of your traditional IRA to a Roth IRA. You will have to do a cost-benefit analysis to see if the benefit from the conversion will outweigh the added tax obligations that result from changing the plan.

Simplified Employee Pension SEP IRA. A SEP IRA enables self-employed entrepreneurs an avenue to make significant IRA contributions that would not be permitted under a traditional or Roth IRA plan. As far as tax purposes are concerned, SEPs are treated the same as the other types of IRAs. The main difference is that SEPs allow a much higher contribution limit than the other two.The formula for calculating the exact contribution amount is too complex for our purposes, but a rough estimate of 20% of your net self-employment earnings is a good start.